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This topic has information about warts on any part of the body except the genitals. For information about warts on the genitals, see the topic Genital Warts.
A wart is a skin growth caused by some types of the virus called the human papillomavirus (HPV). There are more than 100 known types of HPV. HPV infects the top layer of skin, usually entering the body in an area of broken skin. The virus causes the top layer of skin to grow rapidly, forming a wart. Most warts go away on their own within months or years.
Warts can grow anywhere on the body. They are most common among children and young adults.
There are five kinds of warts. They look different and form on different parts of the body.
Warts are easily spread by direct contact with a human papillomavirus. You can infect yourself again by touching the wart and then another part of your body. You can infect another person by sharing towels, razors, or other personal items. After contact with HPV, it can take many months of slow growth beneath the skin before you notice a wart.
It is unlikely that you will get a wart every time you come in contact with HPV. Some people are more likely to get warts than others.
Warts come in a wide range of shapes and sizes. A wart may be a bump with a rough surface, or it may be flat and smooth. Tiny blood vessels grow into the core of the wart to supply it with blood. In both common and plantar warts, these blood vessels may look like dark dots in the wart's center. In most cases, the skin lines and creases over the wart look distorted.
Warts are usually painless. But a wart that grows in a spot where you put pressure, such as on a finger or on the bottom of the foot, can be painful.
A doctor usually can tell if a skin growth is a wart just by looking at it. Your doctor may take a sample of the wart and look at it under a microscope (a skin biopsy). This may be done if it is not clear that the growth is a wart. It may also be done if a skin growth is darker than the skin surrounding it, is an irregular patch on the skin, bleeds, or is large and fast-growing.
Most warts don't need treatment. But if you have warts that are painful or spreading, or if you are bothered by the way they look, your treatment choices include:
Wart treatment does not always work. Even after a wart shrinks or goes away, warts may come back or spread to other parts of the body. This is because most treatments destroy the wart but do not kill the virus that causes the wart.
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A wart develops when a human papillomavirus infects the outermost layer of skin and causes the skin cells to grow rapidly. The virus can then spread from an existing wart to other areas of the body, causing more warts. Various types of this virus thrive in warm, damp environments such as showers, locker room floors, and swimming pool areas.
You are most likely to develop a wart where you have broken skin, such as a cut, hangnail, closely bitten nail, or scrape. Plantar warts are common to swimmers whose feet are not only damp and softened but are also scratched and broken by rough pool surfaces. Common warts are often seen among those who handle meat, chicken, and fish.
Warts are easily spread by direct contact with a human papillomavirus. You can reinfect yourself by touching the wart and then another part of your body. You can infect others by sharing towels, razors, or other personal items. After exposure to a human papillomavirus, it can take many months of slow growth beneath the skin before you notice a wart.
It is unlikely that you will develop a wart every time you are exposed to a human papillomavirus. Some people are more likely to develop warts than others.
Genital warts are very contagious. For more information, see the topic Genital Warts.
Warts occur in a variety of shapes and sizes. A wart may appear as a bump with a rough surface, or it may be flat and smooth. Tiny blood vessels (capillaries) grow into the core of the wart to supply it with blood. In both common and plantar warts, these capillaries may appear as dark dots (seeds) in the wart's center.
Following are descriptions of the main types of warts:
Common and flat warts usually do not cause pain. But they can be bothersome and can spread easily if they are in areas that are constantly irritated by rubbing or shaving. Visible warts can be embarrassing for some people. Plantar warts often cause pain, especially if they are located over bony areas of the foot.
Other skin conditions may look like warts. These include:
Warts cover the lines and creases in the skin—this is one way to tell a wart from other skin conditions.
Human papillomaviruses can live on healthy skin without causing infection. But when a human papillomavirus enters the body through small breaks in the skin, it can infect the skin cells beneath the surface, causing a wart to grow.
Risk factors you cannot control include:
Try to avoid the following risk factors:
See your doctor if:
Watchful waiting is a period of time during which you and your doctor observe your symptoms or condition without using medical treatment. It is often appropriate treatment for warts, because they generally go away on their own within months or years. But you may want to consider treating a wart to prevent it from spreading to other parts of your body or to other people. You can try a nonprescription wart treatment for 2 to 3 months before deciding to see a doctor.
Warts can be diagnosed and treated by most health professionals, including:
To prepare for your appointment, see the topic Making the Most of Your Appointment.
Warts are usually diagnosed based only on their appearance.
In rare cases, more testing is done. If the diagnosis of a skin condition is unclear or if you are at high risk for having skin cancer, your doctor may take a sample of the growth and examine it (a skin biopsy). A biopsy is usually done if a skin growth is darker than the skin surrounding it, appears as an irregular patch on the skin, bleeds, or is large and growing rapidly.
Proper diagnosis of plantar warts is important. Some wart treatments can cause scarring.
Not all warts need to be treated. They generally go away on their own within months or years. This may be because, with time, your immune system is able to destroy the human papillomavirus that causes warts.
You may decide to treat a wart if it is:
The goal of wart treatment is to destroy or remove the wart without creating scar tissue, which can be more painful than the wart itself. How a wart is treated depends on the type of wart, its location, and its symptoms. Also important is your willingness to follow a weeks- or months-long course of treatment.
Many people first treat warts themselves by using a nonprescription product such as salicylic acid or nonprescription cryotherapy, which freezes the wart. Cryotherapy can also be done in your doctor's office.
Wart treatment is not always successful. Even after a wart shrinks or disappears, warts may return or spread to other parts of the body. This is because most treatments only destroy the wart and do not kill the virus that causes the wart.
For more information, see:
Many people do not treat warts unless they are unsightly or painful. If you choose to treat your wart, home treatment is usually the first treatment tried. It includes:
If you are uncertain that a skin growth is a wart, or if you have diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, or other major illnesses that may affect your treatment, it is best to see a doctor.
Cryotherapy is often used if home treatment is not successful. This procedure uses a very cold liquid to freeze a wart. Cryotherapy poses little risk of scarring, although it can be painful.
Less commonly used treatment by your doctor includes:
If home treatment, cryotherapy, or medicine does not eliminate your wart, your doctor may try to surgically remove the wart. Options include:
For electrosurgery, curettage, and laser surgery, a local anesthetic is used to numb the skin before the procedure.
Nonprescription salicylic acid is as effective as or more effective than other treatments, with minimal risk and pain.1
Other treatment options include the medicines 5-fluorouracil and cimetidine and using light or lasers (photodynamic therapy).
The main way to prevent warts is to avoid contact with the human papillomavirus (HPV) that causes warts. If you are exposed to this virus, you may or may not develop warts, depending on how susceptible you are to the virus.
Home treatment is often the first treatment used for warts. When done properly, home treatment is usually less painful than surgical treatment.
Home treatment includes:
If you are uncertain that a skin growth is a wart, or if you have diabetes, peripheral arterial disease, or other major illnesses that may affect your treatment, it is best to see a health professional.
Do not use home treatment methods to remove genital warts. For more information, see the topic Genital Warts.
Salicylic acid is available as a paint, cream, plaster, tape, or patch that you put on the wart. Be sure to read and follow the specific instructions that are supplied with the medicine, or follow your doctor's instructions. Salicylic acid may take weeks to months to cure a wart.
For best results:
You can reduce plantar wart pain by:
Most warts do not need to be treated. They generally go away on their own within months or years. This may be because, with time, your immune system is able to destroy the human papillomavirus that causes warts.
Nonprescription salicylic acid is as effective as or more effective than other treatment, with minimal risk and pain.1
Folk remedies, such as rubbing a wart with a bean, may have an effect on a wart. But such treatment may simply coincide with the natural disappearance of a wart.
Never cut or burn off a wart yourself.
Most warts do not need to be treated. They generally go away on their own within months or years. This may be because, with time, your immune system is able to destroy the human papillomavirus that causes warts.
If you decide to treat your warts, both nonprescription and prescription medicines are available.
For more information, see:
Nonprescription medicines include:
Prescription medicines less commonly used to treat warts include:
Immunotherapy triggers your immune system to destroy the virus causing the wart. Because some of the substances used for immunotherapy are expensive, dangerous, or require specialized handling, such treatment is usually considered only after other methods have failed. Immunotherapy options include contact sensitizers (such as squaric acid dibutyl ester or SADBE), imiquimod (Aldara), and interferon. Interferon is an experimental treatment and is used only for severe and treatment-resistant warts. Discuss the benefits and side effects of interferon treatment with your doctor.
Bleomycin injection destroys the skin containing the wart. Because bleomycin is painful during and after the injection, it is used infrequently.
Salicylic acid treatments are often effective. They are not very painful, not very expensive, and usually do not cause scarring. Salicylic acid is a good treatment for children because it is not very painful. For treatment to be successful, salicylic acid must be applied on a regular basis, usually for a number of months.
Wart treatment is not always successful. Even after a wart shrinks or disappears, warts may return or spread to other parts of the body. This is because most treatments only destroy the wart, but do not kill the virus that causes the wart.
Your treatment options will depend on the type, number, and location of the wart(s).
Other medicines used for warts include 5-fluorouracil, which is more often used on genital warts, and cimetidine. Cimetidine can be taken by mouth (orally) or as an injection.
As with any medicine, talk to your doctor before using a wart medicine if you are or may be pregnant. Some wart medicines may cause birth defects.
It is necessary to distinguish a plantar wart from a callus before choosing a treatment. Wart treatment applied to a callus may be painful or create scar tissue.
Plantar warts are often hard to treat because they lie beneath the skin. A doctor may need to pare the skin covering a wart to help the medicine penetrate the wart.
Surgery is an option if home treatment and treatment at your doctor's office has failed. Surgery for warts is usually quick and effective. No single surgical method is more effective than another in curing warts. Generally, doctors start with the surgical method that is least likely to cause scarring.
The most common types of surgical treatment for wart removal include:
For electrosurgery, curettage, and laser surgery, a local anesthetic is used to numb the skin before the procedure.
A wart may return after surgery because surgery removes the wart but does not destroy the virus that causes the wart.
The type of surgery used to remove warts depends on their type, location, and size. Curettage, electrosurgery, and laser surgery are more likely than cryotherapy to leave scars and thus are usually reserved for hard-to-remove or recurring warts. If you have a large area of warts, curettage may not be an effective treatment.
Some surgical treatments may be too painful for some children.
When making a decision about surgical wart removal, consider the following factors:
Cryotherapy, which uses a very cold liquid to freeze a wart, is the most commonly used procedure that does not involve medicine to treat warts. This procedure poses little risk of scarring but can be painful.
Tape occlusion (duct tape), in which you use tape to cover the wart for a period of time, takes 1 to 2 months to remove the wart.
For more information, see:
| American Academy of Dermatology | |
| P.O. Box 4014 | |
| Schaumburg, IL 60168 | |
| Phone: | 1-866-503-SKIN (1-866-503-7546) toll-free (847) 240-1280 |
| Fax: | (847) 240-1859 |
| Web Address: | www.aad.org |
The American Academy of Dermatology provides information about the care of skin, hair, and nails. You can locate a dermatologist in your area by using their "Find a Dermatologist" tool at www.aad.org/find-a-derm. | |
Citations
- Gibbs S, Harvey I (2006). Topical treatments for cutaneous warts. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (3).
- Loo SK, Tang WY (2009). Warts (non-genital), search date June 2008. Online version of BMJ Clinical Evidence: http://www.clinicalevidence.com.
Other Works Consulted
- Ahmed I (2010). Viral warts. In MG Lebwohl et al., eds., Treatment of Skin Disease: Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies, 3rd ed., pp. 770-775. Edinburgh: Saunders Elsevier.
- Wolff K, Johnson RA (2009). Human papillomavirus infections. In Fitzpatrick's Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology, 6th ed., pp. 787-794. New York: McGraw-Hill.
| By | Healthwise Staff |
|---|---|
| Primary Medical Reviewer | Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine |
| Specialist Medical Reviewer | Alexander H. Murray, MD, FRCPC - Dermatology |
| Last Revised | September 2, 2010 |
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ReferencesLast Revised: September 2, 2010
Author: Healthwise Staff
Medical Review: Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine & Alexander H. Murray, MD, FRCPC - Dermatology
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